Yin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai a Ukraine

A halin yanzu, akwai 39 Enterprises a cikin Geological aiki sashen na Ukraine, wanda 13 ne Enterprises kai tsaye a karkashin jihar kai tsaye tsunduma a farko-line karkashin kasa albarkatun kasa.Yawancin masana'antar sun lalace saboda rashin jari da rashin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki.Domin inganta halin da ake ciki, gwamnatin kasar Ukraine ta ba da ka'idoji kan sauyin sashen binciken albarkatun kasa da na karkashin kasa, wanda ya kafa manufa guda kan sake fasalin fannin da bincike, amfani da kare albarkatun karkashin kasa.Ya bayyana karara cewa, in ban da na asali 13 kamfanonin binciken kasa da kasa za su ci gaba da zama mallakin gwamnati, sauran kamfanonin za a rikide zuwa kamfanonin hada-hadar hannayen jari, wadanda za a iya ci gaba da rikidewa zuwa nau'o'i daban-daban na masana'antun tattalin arziki gauraye, gami da kasashen waje- kamfanonin da aka raba ko kuma gabaɗayan masana'antun mallakar ƙasashen waje;Ta hanyar gyare-gyaren tsari da sake fasalin masana'antu, an canza tsoffin sassan zuwa sabbin abubuwan samarwa da aiki, don haka samun jari daga hanyoyin kasafin kuɗi da na waje;Daidaita masana'antu, kawar da matakan gudanarwa, da rage gudanarwa don rage farashi.
A halin yanzu, fiye da kamfanoni 2,000 a cikin sashin hakar ma'adinai na Ukrainian suna amfani da kuma sarrafa ma'adinan karkashin kasa.Kafin rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, kashi 20 cikin 100 na ma’aikatan Ukraine sun yi aikin hako ma’adinai, wanda ya ba da tabbacin sama da kashi 80 cikin 100 na albarkatun kasa, kashi 48 cikin 100 na kudaden shiga na kasa suna zuwa ne daga ma’adinai, da kuma kashi 30-35 cikin 100 na asusun ajiyar waje. ya fito ne daga albarkatun karkashin kasa.Yanzu tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da rashin jari don samarwa a Ukraine yana da babban tasiri ga masana'antar bincike, har ma da haɓaka kayan aikin fasaha a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai.
A watan Fabrairun 1998, bikin cika shekaru 80 na ofishin binciken yanayin ƙasa na Ukraine ya fitar da wani bayani da ke nuna cewa: Jimillar wuraren hakar ma'adinai a Ukraine 667 ne, nau'in hakar ma'adinai a cikin kusan 94, ciki har da adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan ma'adinai da ake buƙata don samar da masana'antu.Masana a Ukraine sun sanya darajar ma'adinan a karkashin kasa a kan dala tiriliyan 7.5.Sai dai kwararrun kasashen yammacin duniya sun ce darajar ajiyar karkashin kasa ta Ukraine ta kai sama da dala tiriliyan 11.5.A cewar shugaban kwamitin kula da albarkatun kasa na kasar Ukraine, wannan kimantawa mutum ne mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.
An fara hakar zinari da Azurfa a Ukraine a shekarar 1997 tare da hakar kilogiram 500 na zinariya da kilogiram 1,546 na azurfa a yankin Muzhyev.A karshen shekarar 1998, hadin gwiwar Yukren da Rasha sun hako zinare kilogiram 450 a ma'adinan Savynansk.
Jihar na shirin samar da tan 11 na zinariya a shekara.Domin cimma wannan buri, Ukraine na bukatar gabatar da mu akalla dala miliyan 600 na zuba jari a mataki na farko, kuma abin da ake fitarwa na shekara-shekara a mataki na biyu zai kai ton 22-25.Babban wahalar yanzu shine rashin saka hannun jari a matakin farko.An gano ma'adinan arziki da yawa a yankin Transcarpathian na yammacin Ukraine suna dauke da matsakaicin giram 5.6 na zinari a kan kowace tan na tama, yayin da ma'adinan mai kyau na iya ƙunsar har zuwa gram 8.9 na zinariya a kowace tan na tama.
A cewar shirin, Ukraine ta riga ta gudanar da bincike a yankin Mysk da ke Odessa da kuma yankin Bobrikov a Donetsk.Mahakar ma'adinan Bobrikov wani karamin yanki ne da aka kiyasta takin zinari da ya kai kilogiram 1,250 kuma an ba shi lasisin yin amfani da shi.
Oil da gas Ukraine ta man fetur da iskar gas adibas ne yafi mayar da hankali a cikin carpathian foothills a yamma, da Donetsk-Dnipropetrovsk ciki a gabas da Black Sea da Azov Sea shiryayye.Mafi girman abin da ake samarwa a shekara shine ton miliyan 14.2 a shekara ta 1972. Ukraine tana da 'yan tsirarun albarkatun ma'adinai da aka tabbatar don samar da nata mai da iskar gas.An kiyasta cewa Ukraine tana da tan biliyan 4.9 na ajiyar mai, amma ton biliyan 1.2 ne aka gano a shirye ake hakowa.Wasu suna buƙatar ƙarin bincike.A cewar masana na Ukraine, karancin man fetur da iskar gas, da adadin man da ake da shi da kuma matakin fasahar binciken ba su ne batutuwan da suka fi gaggawa a halin yanzu ba, babbar matsalar ita ce ba za a iya hako su ba.Dangane da ingancin makamashi, duk da cewa kasar Ukraine ba ta cikin kasashe masu karfin tattalin arziki da za su yi amfani da makamashi, amma ta yi hasarar kashi 65% zuwa 80% na yawan man da take hakowa da kuma amfani da albarkatun mai.Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don inganta matakin fasaha da kuma neman babban haɗin gwiwar fasaha.A halin yanzu, Ukraine ta yi tuntuɓar wasu manyan manyan masana'antun ketare, amma yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta ƙarshe za ta jira gabatar da manufofin ƙasa na Ukraine, musamman ma fayyace fayyace sharuddan rarraba kayayyaki.Bisa ga binciken kasa na Ukraine na kasafin kudin, idan kuna son samun rangwame na man fetur da iskar gas a cikin Ukraine, dole ne kamfanin ya fara zuba jari dalar Amurka miliyan 700 don binciken ma'adinai, ma'adinai na yau da kullum da sarrafawa yana buƙatar akalla 3 biliyan a shekara - $ 4 biliyan. na tsabar kudi, ciki har da kowane hako rijiya zai bukaci akalla miliyan 900 ne zuba jari.
Uranium Uranium wani dabarun karkashin kasa ne na kasar Ukraine, wanda hukumar kula da makamashin nukiliya ta kasa da kasa ta yi kiyasin cewa ita ce ta biyar mafi girma a duniya.
Ma'adinan Uranium na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet galibi a Ukraine ne.A shekara ta 1944, wata tawagar binciken yanayin kasa karkashin jagorancin Lavlinko ta hako uranium na farko a Ukraine don tabbatar da uranium don bam na nukiliya na farko na Tarayyar Soviet.Bayan shekaru na aikin hakar ma'adinai, fasahar hakar uranium a Ukraine ta kai matsayi mai girma.A shekarar 1996, hakar uranium ya farfado zuwa matakan 1991.
Aikin hakar ma'adinai da sarrafa uranium a Ukraine yana buƙatar shigar da kuɗi mai mahimmanci, amma mafi mahimmanci shine haɗin kai tare da Rasha da Kazakhstan don haɓaka uranium da samar da kayan haɓaka uranium masu alaƙa.
Sauran ma'adinan ma'adinan tagulla: A halin yanzu gwamnatin Yukren ta gayyace tanda don yin bincike tare da yin amfani da ma'adinan tagulla na Zhilov a yankin Voloen.Kasar Ukraine dai ta janyo hankulan ‘yan kasashen waje da dama saboda yawan samar da tagulla da kuma ingancin ta, kuma gwamnatin kasar na shirin sayar da ma’adinan tagulla na Ukraine a kasuwannin hannayen jari na kasashen waje kamar New York da London.
Lu'u-lu'u: Idan Ukraine za ta iya saka hannun jari aƙalla hryvnia miliyan 20 a shekara, ba da daɗewa ba za ta sami lu'u-lu'u masu kyau na kanta.Amma har yanzu babu irin wannan jarin.Idan har ba a dade da saka hannun jari ba, to mai yiyuwa ne masu zuba jari na kasashen waje su hako shi.
Iron tama: Bisa ga shirin bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasar Ukraine a shekarar 2010, kasar Ukraine za ta cimma sama da kashi 95 cikin 100 na dogaro da kai wajen samar da tama da karafa, sannan kudaden da ake samu daga kasashen waje zai kai dala biliyan 4 ~ 5.
Dangane da dabarun hakar ma'adinai, fifiko na yanzu ga Ukraine shine don kara ganowa da bincike don tantance abubuwan da aka ajiye.Mafi yawa sun hada da: zinariya, chromium, jan karfe, tin, gubar da sauran wadanda ba taferrous karafa da duwatsu masu daraja, phosphorus da kuma rare abubuwa, da dai sauransu Ukrainian jami'an yi imani da cewa hakar ma'adinai na karkashin kasa na iya gaba daya inganta kasar shigo da fitar da halin da ake ciki, da kuma kara da kasar. Yawan fitar da kayayyaki da sau 1.5 zuwa 2, da kuma rage yawan shigo da kayayyaki da kashi 60 zuwa 80 cikin dari, don haka ya rage gibin ciniki sosai.